US-Israeli airstrikes on three densely populated Tehran neighborhoods killed at least 41 civilians and may constitute war crimes, according to a new Amnesty International investigation.
The rights group examined attacks in the Niloufar, Resalat, and Javadieh neighborhoods of Tehran between March 1 and March 13, 2026.
It found evidence that wide-area explosive weapons struck security facilities surrounded by homes, businesses, and other civilian buildings.
Neither the US nor Israel has confirmed responsibility for the three attacks.
Civilians Killed
In Niloufar, a March 1 strike destroyed a police station and damaged buildings up to approximately 100 meters (328 feet) away. At least 20 civilians were killed.
A few days later, an attack in Resalat struck a facility linked to a Basij battalion of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.
Four buildings sustained heavy damage, including a residential property where 13 people from the same family and the building’s caretaker were reportedly killed.
Amnesty documented at least 16 civilian deaths in the neighborhood.
A third strike hit another police station in Javadieh later in March, killing five members of one family and injuring dozens of people. Damage extended more than 50 meters (164 feet) from the impact site.
International humanitarian law requires attackers to distinguish between military targets and civilians and to take all feasible precautions to limit civilian harm.
Independent Investigation Sought
Amnesty based its findings on satellite imagery, 60 verified videos, official statements, and interviews with two people in Iran.
Its weapons experts also identified debris photographed in Javadieh as consistent with part of a US-made Joint Direct Attack Munition guidance kit used by both US and Israeli forces.
The organization said the weapons employed, timing of the attacks, scale of destruction, and apparent lack of effective warnings raised concerns that the strikes were indiscriminate.
It called for independent investigations to determine whether war crimes were committed and urged the US, Israel, and Iran to allow an international fact-finding inquiry into alleged violations by all sides.
Other Reports of Civilian Casualties
According to the United Nations, the conflict in Iran has killed at least 1,332 civilians.
Earlier this month, the Islamic Republic reported that five people, including a 4-year-old child, were killed when a US strike hit a wedding gathering in southern Iran.
More than 50 others were wounded. Separate attacks in Khuzestan province reportedly left another seven people dead.
Earlier in the conflict, a strike on a girls’ school in Minab reportedly killed at least 175 children and teachers.
A preliminary US assessment indicated that American forces were likely responsible and may have relied on outdated targeting data.
