The US Government Accountability Office (GAO) has raised significant concerns about the Pentagon’s ongoing efforts to enable satellite communications through laser links.
In a report, the government watchdog highlighted the lack of a proven demonstration to validate the concept before further investments are made.
“For example, although it has not yet achieved its requirements established for Tranche 0 (demonstration tranche), the Space Development Agency has now awarded contracts worth almost $10 billion for Tranche 1 and Tranche 2,” the GAO noted.
The report emphasized the importance of testing necessary capabilities in each iteration, or tranche, in accordance with best practices for developing complex technologies.
“The SDA is proceeding through tranches and increasing the complexity of its development based on designs that have not yet met initial capabilities,” the GAO added.
Challenges With Laser Communications
Laser links are expected to enhance satellite communications by enabling faster data transmission at higher rates. Their narrow beams also allow for more secure communication between users.
However, unlike traditional radio-frequency satellite communications, laser links present unique challenges. These include stabilizing the beam to minimize signal disruption, ensuring precise alignment so satellite terminals can “speak” to each other, and mitigating the effects of atmospheric disturbances.
To address these challenges, the SDA is working with multiple vendors — a decision that could further complicate the program.
“The number of vendors involved adds further complexity to the overall effort,” the GAO said. “Among other things, the Space Force will need to ensure that different vendors’ satellite optical communications terminals — devices used to establish laser data transmission links — are able to communicate with each other.”
The GAO recommends ensuring that investments align with development progress by demonstrating a minimum viable product for laser communications in space.
